James-Lange theory posits that emotion is the result of:

• A. Simultaneous arousal and emotional experience.
• B. Awareness of physiological responses to environmental stimuli.
• C. Cognitive labeling causes emotion.
• D. Emotion is a purely mental phenomenon with no physiology.

Answer: (B)

Emotion, in the James-Lange view, comes from recognizing the body’s arousal in response to a stimulus. When something like a bear appears, your heart rate speeds up and you might tremble—and it is this awareness of those bodily changes that you interpret as the emotion (fear). So the emotion follows the physiological changes, not the other way around. This distinguishes it from views that say arousal and emotion happen at the same time, or that emotion arises from labeling arousal, or that it’s purely mental without any physiological basis.